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1913-seeds-conflict

A Return to the Land

A Return to the Land

A Return to the Land

Arab protests against Zionism rose with the liberalization of the press and upsurge of Arab language newspapers. Amidst the dissent, Jewish settlers, many of whom were craftsmen and peddlers in Eastern Europe, had to adapt to the dominance of agriculture in the economy by reconnecting with the land.

Establishing Roots in Palestine

Establishing Roots in Palestine

Arab complaints about Jewish settlers found a voice in the new constitutional parliament in Istanbul. Though Jerusalem’s representative Ruhi al-Khalidi suggested that Jews move to other parts of the Ottoman Empire, the dream of a Jewish state required a new infrastructure starting with the purchase of land in concentrated

Ashkenazi Jews Arrive in Palestine

Ashkenazi Jews Arrive in Palestine

In 1881, the assassination of Czar Alexander II leads to a wave of anti-Semitic violence resulting in the emigration of 2 million Ashkenazi Jews — a small portion of whom ended up in Palestine. The arriving immigrants name their settlements “First in Zion” or “Ray of Hope,” reflecting their sense of